How to replace the heating element in the washing machine

If your washing machine suddenly stops heating water, then most likely the heating element in the washing machine needs to be replaced. A heating element is a heating element that heats the water for washing. It is a tube, inside which a spiral passes, separated from the tube by a dielectric. The spiral constantly heats up and cools down, so over time it loses its properties and fails.

Also, the failure of the heater contributes to the poor quality of water, the impurities of which, when heated, form scale on the heating element and reduce its service life. To clean the heater from scale, use an effective tool Descaler for washing machines - as a result, the heating element will become clean and shiny, the water will heat up faster and the efficiency of the machine will increase. In our articles, we have already discussed the question of why it breaks TEN in the washing machine.

In order to check the exact cause of the breakdown, you must first get to the heating element, which we will do.

How to get access to TEN

In order to get to the heating element in the washing machine, you need to disassemble it a little. But the problem is that the different types of washing machines the heating element can be located both in front and behind. Therefore, we first need to decide which cover to remove: front or back.

Look at the back of the washing machine - if the back wall is large enough, then most likely the heater is behind it. You also need to consider that the back wall is much easier to remove and install than the front. Therefore, if the back wall is removable and large, we recommend unscrewing it. Even if you made a mistake and the heating element is not there, then you can easily screw it back.

We will assume that you removed the cover and got to the heating element.The heater itself is located inside the tank, and outside you will see only a part of it with terminals to which the wires fit.

First unscrew all the wires, then check the heater for operability. Only after you make sure that the heater is faulty, you can proceed to replace it.

How to remove the heating element in the washing machine

We made sure that our heating element is really faulty and needs to be replaced. What to do next? Next, we need to write down the model of our washing machine and use it to buy a new heater. Fortunately, this shouldn't be difficult. The heating element is bought, now you can change it.

Before you start removing the heating element, make sure that there is no water in the washing machine tank. To do this, unscrew the drain filter and drain the remaining water from the tank.

Next, we need a wrench or better tubular wrench. With it, we unscrew the central nut (1)that holds the heater. We have already disconnected the wires, so there will be no problems with them.

Farther the stud (2), on which the nut was screwed, must be sunk inward - To do this, with a screwdriver or a hammer handle, press on it with force so that it goes inside.After that, you can pull out the heating element. But the heater itself is seated on a rubber seal that holds it tightly enough. Therefore, take a slotted screwdriver and carefully pick up the heating element from the edge (3). Then take it out, helping with a screwdriver from different sides.

Installing a new heating element on a washing machine

After you have removed the broken heater, you can proceed to install a new one. For this, carefully insert the heating element into its mounting hole in the same position as the old one. The heater must stand up straight without distortions and displacements. Farther screw the nut onto the stud. Using the key, we tighten it, but not much, so as not to squeeze out the heating element.After that, you can connect the wires to the terminals and assemble the wall of the washing machine.

After you have assembled the washing machine, run the wash at a temperature of at least 50 ° C so that you can check the performance of the heating element. After 10-15 minutes have passed from the start of washing, feel the glass of the loading door of the washing machine - it should be warm.

As you can see, replacing a heater in a washing machine is not a rather troublesome task, and any man can make this repair.

Automatic washing machines are a fairly reliable type of equipment today, and if breakdowns occur in them, they are usually fixed. One of the most difficult and costly breakdowns to repair is bearing wear in a washing machine. If the bearing is worn out, it needs to be replaced.As a rule, such a complex repair is trusted to professionals, because in order to carry it out on your own, you need to have the necessary skills and tools.

If you still decide change the bearing in the washing machine with your own hands, you will encounter a bearing seal in the washing machine, which requires the necessary lubrication. Here we will deal with this issue and tell you how to lubricate the oil seal in the washing machine.

What is an oil seal in a washing machine

An oil seal is a rubber sealing ring that is needed to seal gaps between static and moving parts. In our case, the gland is a rubber ring that prevents water from flowing out of the washing machine tank through the gaps between the tank and the shaft.

As you can see from the photo above, the oil seal is inserted onto the bearings, and inside it has a hole for the shaft.As you already understood, during rotation, the shaft constantly rubs against the walls of the stuffing box, thereby wearing it out. Therefore, the oil seal must be well lubricated in order to last longer.

What happens if you do not lubricate the oil seal in the washing machine

If you changed the bearing and forgot to lubricate the oil seal, which is unacceptable, then you may experience the following problems: the oil seal will wear out very quickly, it will not last long, working “dry”, after which it will begin to let water through. Water will enter the bearings, which will also rust very quickly and their frictional force will increase. You will need to change them again along with the oil seal. Therefore, you be sure to take care of the grease for the seals of washing machines and buy it in advance, before the start of the repair.

What are the requirements for lubrication for oil seals

Of course, there are those who will say that oil seals can be lubricated even with sunflower oil, but for them we have serious arguments why this should not be done.

• Grease for oil seals must be moisture resistant. This is necessary so that it does not wash out with water over time.
• The lubricant should not be aggressive and "corrode" or soften the rubber. If you lubricate the oil seal with a grease that is not intended for this, then it can shorten its service life.
• Heat resistance - since during the operation of the washing machine, the shaft is constantly rubbing against the oil seal, as well as the operation of the bearings, then they heat up. Also, when washing in hot water, there is a temperature effect on the lubricant, so the lubricant should not lose its properties when the temperature changes.
• The consistency of the grease should be thickso that it does not leak out during long work.

As you can see, oil seal lubrication must be taken seriously, because the “wrong” lubrication can ruin all your bearing replacement work and hasten a new similar repair.

Choosing a grease for a washing machine oil seal

You can buy special grease in specialized stores that sell spare parts for washing machines. If you tell the seller why you need lubrication, then for sure he will give you a suitable tube without any questions. The only problem is that such a lubricant will be expensive, because it is believed that it is specially designed for this purpose.

Of course, you can try to save money and find cheaper analogues. Silicone grease is considered a good lubricant for oil seals., it meets all the requirements, and most importantly has good moisture resistance.

When buying silicone grease, pay attention that it is moisture and heat resistant, and also thick. Usually these parameters are indicated on the tubes: moisture resistant, maximum operating temperatures.

One excellent silicone oil seal lubricant is LIQUI MOLY "Silicon-Fett"which meets all requirements. Of course, it is also not cheap, but the quality is at its best. She can safely lubricate the oil seal in the washing machine. Its operating temperature ranges from -40°C to +200°C.

How to lubricate the oil seal of a washing machine

You changed the bearings and now you need to insert the oil seal, but before that it needs to be lubricated. To do this, take a lubricant and apply it along the outer contour of the gland with a thin layerspread evenly.

After that, we insert the gland into a niche in the tank.Farther lubricate the seal along the inner contour.

All! This completes the lubrication of the oil seal. Now you can continue to assemble the washing machine.

Connecting a washing machine to the sewer is a very simple matter and here you do not need to have any supernatural skills, it is enough to have “straight arms” and a head on your shoulders.

But there are still some nuances. One of the details that may raise a question is the siphon for the washing machine.

Now we will figure out whether a siphon is needed for a washing machine? If needed, what kind and, in general, how to properly connect a washing machine to the sewer?

What is a siphon for a washing machine

Before we start disassembling siphons for washing machines, let's first find out what function it has. The siphon is intended for the following:

• Forms a water seal - in the siphon there is a special chamber filled with water, which separates the drain pipe from the sewer pipe, thereby forming a water seal.
• Due to the water seal siphon prevents odors and noises from entering from the sewer to the premises. Also, various insects will not get into your apartment through the sewer pipe.
• Siphon prevents sewer clogging. Debris settles in the water chamber, which could clog your sewer pipe. From time to time, the siphon must be cleaned from it.

That, in principle, is all that any siphon is needed for. Its main task is to create a water seal, which already performs all the above functions, except for collecting dirt.

We all probably know what a siphon under the sink is. So, a siphon with a drain for a washing machine is what it is, but with one slight difference, it has an additional branch for connecting the drain hose of the washing machine. Look at the pictures to see what it is.

Such a siphon is convenient because you there will be no need to take care of an additional outlet in the sewer pipe for the washing machine. You simply buy such a siphon and install it under the sink in place of the old one. And already connect the machine to it. We will discuss connection in more detail below.

I would like to say separately that there are also hidden siphons for washing machines that perform the same function, but they can be built into the wall, thereby hiding from view.

Such a siphon for a washing machine is an ideal option, but it can only be installed in advance, during the repair work of the bathroom, so if you decide to repair the bathroom, then install such a siphon. For other cases, it, unfortunately, will not work.

Do I need a siphon for a washing machine

At first glance, a siphon is a rather necessary and necessary thing in the household. But let's see if it is needed and what threatens its absence. If you connect the washing machine to the sewer without a siphon, then, accordingly, we do not get the advantages that were given above, namely:

• The smell from the sewer will get into the washing machine, which will not please us at all. There will be a musty smell coming out of the washing machine.
• All debris will go down the drain, which can lead to clogging. Although this is a controversial point, it can still be.

As you can see, the washing machine has the disadvantages of not having a siphon. Of course, you can avoid them by connecting the curved drain hose of the washing machine so as to create a water seal and hang it above the maximum possible water level in the sewer, as shown in the photo. At the same time, it may be necessary lengthen the drain hose in order to have enough.

But this method will only eliminate the unpleasant odor, and it cannot be called 100% correct. Therefore, we strongly recommend the use of a siphon. If it is not possible to install a built-in siphon, then use a siphon with a tap for the washing machine.

Connecting a washing machine to a siphon with a drain

To connect a new siphon with a do-it-yourself outlet for a washing machine, you need to remove the old siphon and install a new one in its place. Also you can only change the tube with a fitting. But it is better to replace the entire siphon entirely. To do this, we unscrew with our hands two plastic nuts that attach the siphon to the sink and to the sewer.

By unscrewing these nuts, you can easily remove the siphon. At the same time, clean the outlets from adhering dirt and hair.

Now you need to take a new siphon for the washing machine and screw it in place of the old one. Next, put the drain hose from the washing machine on the fitting on the siphon and tighten it with a clamp.

You should get something like the following. This completes the connection of the siphon.

I would like to mention that there are a huge number of different siphons on the market for different types of sinks. There are even siphons for a bathtub for a washing machine. All of them are connected in a similar way and have the same properties.

Connecting a built-in siphon for a washing machine

The main task with such a connection is to embed the siphon into the wall - the connection itself is very simple and boils down to the fact that on the one hand you need to connect the siphon to the sewer pipe, simply by putting it on it. Further, the whole thing is closed with tiles or plasterboard and a small branch remains outside.

The drain hose of the washing machine is put on this outlet, simply by putting on it, or inserted by tightening the nut. This design is most relevant if you install a sink above the washing machine and you need to minimize the space between them.

Connecting a machine without a siphon

To connect a washing machine without a siphon, you will need a special cuff that is inserted into the sewer pipe.

As you can see, the cuff has a hole inside with a diameter that matches the drain hose of the washing machine.

Next you just insert the drain hose into the hole and this is where the connection ends.

As you can see, this connection method not only has the disadvantages that we cited above, but also does not look very aesthetically pleasing. After all, the pipe must be diverted to a sufficient height. Therefore, we are extremely we recommend using a special siphon to connect washing machines to the sewer.

There is a lot of competition in the home appliance market today. The market is oversaturated with washing machines from different manufacturers. There are a lot of Chinese goods, or Russian-made goods. It is not regrettable to admit it, but "our" production, and the assembly of cars from imported parts, is not of the best quality.

There are a lot of brands of washing machines, and before buying it is advisable to have knowledge of which brand belongs to which country and where it is going, to familiarize yourself a little history of the washing machine. Let us now and put everything on the shelves.

Brands of German washing machines

It has long been believed that the highest quality washing machines are made by the Germans, and this is partly true. After all, Germany is famous for its high quality cars, as well as any other equipment, including household ones.But what about German quality today and what models of washing machines should be chosen.

Miele - many, for sure, have not heard of this manufacturer, and those who have heard know that this is a “purebred” German technique, which is distinguished by the highest quality of components and assembly. By the way, Miele washing machines are assembled only in Germany and the Czech Republic. These washing machines can be attributed to professional equipment. But, as you know, you have to pay for quality, and in this case - with a ruble. After all, the price of these washing machines is simply cosmic. Probably, it is not worth saying exact figures, because they may change over time, but we will announce the order of prices: the cost of such equipment exceeds ordinary washing machines of the middle price category by 5 or more times.

AEG - German washing machines of this manufacturer are known for their high German quality and excellent washing quality. The company is one of the offshoots of the Electrolux brand. The details of this technique are assembled under very high quality control. But you will have to pay more for this brand, because the equipment of this brand is more expensive than its counterparts. And there are no "super-functions" or the latest technologies. Here you simply pay for German quality, proven over decades. These washing machines can be produced both in Germany and in Poland, Italy and France.

Bosch - well, this brand of washing machine is quite famous in our country, and throughout the world. Washing machines of this manufacturer are available in both a low price category, and an average and above average one. The company provided the need for washing machines for all segments of the population. But if you compare Bosh prices with other manufacturers, they are slightly higher. The assembly of these machines may be different.For "their own" the company has production of washing machines in Germany. For us, these machines are produced in Sweden, Austria, Poland, Turkey, Slovenia, Slovakia, Russia and China under the control of the company. It is rather difficult to find a German-assembled Bosh washing machine, but the quality of such an assembly will be an order of magnitude higher.

Siemens - also machines of excellent quality, the same can be said about them as about Bosh. Buying a German-made machine of this brand in our country can only be done on order, because, like Bosch, they are assembled in several countries for our market: Germany, Spain, China, Poland, Russia, Turkey.

Hansa is another German brand that you can find on our market. Their assembly can be both German and other countries (Austria, Sweden, Poland). In Russia, you can most often find exactly the Polish or Turkish assembly, but even this fact does not spoil the impression of this technique, because Hansa washing machines are very good, easy to use and easy to use.

Kaiser is also a German household appliance brand. But the production of these washing machines is located both in Germany and in other countries of Europe, Asia and America. In our country, you can find a German-assembled Kaiser, but here is one notable point: the country of origin may not be indicated on the typewriters, and this can scare away. But don't worry, Kaiser appliances are of very high quality and will last a long time.

Italian washing machines

Italian washing machines are very popular with our customers, because they represent the ratio of price and quality. Such washing machines are durable and meet all modern requirements, while almost anyone with any salary can afford them.But it is worth noting that almost all washing machines are assembled not only in Italy, but also in other countries, which is why their quality suffers greatly. Therefore, we recommend buying only the Italian assembly.

Indesit - a fairly popular brand in the Russian market, it is understandable.After all, the production of this equipment is organized in Russia, so these washing machines are affordable. But if you want a higher build quality, then look for an Italian assembly, although it is quite difficult, because in addition to Italy, we sell Slovak and Russian washing machines of this brand.

Hotpoint-Ariston - these are the same Indesit washing machines, it's just that in our country they are sold under these two brands, so you should not count on something more or less than what is in Indesit. These are machines of the same manufacturer with the same advantages and disadvantages. These same washing machines are simply called Ariston.

Ardo - a very famous brand in Europe, which is famous for its high quality. At the moment, these washing machines are manufactured in Italy, and they also have several factories in other countries. Therefore, in our stores you can find the original Italian assembly.

candy - this is a very young company in the Russian market, which very quickly won the hearts of buyers in the home appliances market in Russia. The cost of these washing machines is quite low, and the range is quite wide. You are unlikely to find the Italian assembly of Kandy. These machines are produced in different countries, in particular, in China and in our country. Unfortunately, the quality of the production of these washing machines was not given due attention, so spare parts are far from always original. But the low price of this technique covers its shortcomings.If you want the washing machine to last a very long time, then it is better to look at another manufacturer.

European washing machine brands

Electrolux - these are cars of the same "guys" as Age, however, in a more budgetary direction. They are more affordable and will be simpler. It can be argued that Electrolux cars are of good quality and you can safely take note of them.These machines are produced in Sweden and are not inferior in quality to some German ones, but here you can find Electrolux made in Italy, Poland, Ukraine and France.

Gorenje is a Slovenian washing machine brand that has managed to get its share of the market. The quality of this technique is strictly controlled by the manufacturer, so these machines strictly comply with the standard. At the same time, the company is constantly improving its models, making them more intelligent. Washing machines are produced in Slovakia, Serbia and Slovenia, so you should not worry about their quality. Whatever the country of origin, they will all be of the same assembly.

Beko - This is a Turkish brand that has production both in Turkey and in Russia. Accordingly, in the store you will meet Beko of our assembly. It is not worth talking about the quality of these washing machines, because this is not their trump card. Their undoubted advantage is an affordable price. Beko is one of the most budget brands that solves the laundry problem even in the poorest families. It should be noted that the quality for such a modest price they have tolerable.

Whirlpool is a brand that appeared through the absorption of various other brands of washing machine manufacturers. Therefore, washing machines of its production are located in different countries. On our shelves you can see Whirlpool made in Italy, Slovakia and China.Of course, there will be more Chinese cars, so you will need to try to find an Italian assembly. The quality of these washing machines is not standard, but their price is quite democratic.

More about European washing machines we wrote in a separate article.

Korean washing machines

Korean washing machines have firmly conquered a part of the washing machine market, and have become the preference of many citizens of our country. They are quite affordable and at the same time have a huge functionality with the use of modern technologies.

LG is a Korean manufacturer of household appliances. But unfortunately, in our country you will not find the original Korean assembly of LG, because the factories for the production of washing machines of this brand are located in different countries, including ours. Therefore, with a probability of 99.9% in the store you will buy an LG machine of Russian or Chinese assembly. But, to date, this is the only brand washing machines with direct drum drive, which is of decent quality and functionality for a reasonable price. We recommend that you take a closer look at this manufacturer.

Samsung - like LG, these are Korean washing machines, which are also very popular in our country. That is why you are unlikely to find the original Korean assembly, unless, of course, you set out to search for one. Most often you will find Samsung washing machines made in Russia, China or Poland. The washing machines of this manufacturer are of the same price and quality level as LG and are their direct competitor. The machines are distinguished by modern design, decent quality, the presence of modern functions and all this at an affordable price.

Before deciding on a manufacturer, we strongly recommend reading an article about which washing machine to buy. After reading it, you will find out by what criteria it is best to choose a washing machine.

You bought and decided after wearing wash white t-shirt, but somehow by chance there was a colored thing with her in the typewriter, and your new thing and other white things were stained during washing. How to bleach them? So what's now?

We understand your panic, but we want to reassure you right away: almost every housewife has situations when things are stained after washing. Today, there are many ways to eliminate this trouble at home. Here we will analyze all possible ways to bleach damaged things.

What clothes are dyed

Before proceeding with the study of ways to eliminate this trouble, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the information that will help you avoid mistakes in the future.

Things of different colors can shed and color not only white things, but also other colored clothes with their color. For example, if you wash a light blue T-shirt with red jeans, then 99% that after washing your blue T-shirt will be a different shade. Therefore, it is advisable to wash clothes by color in general, but if you don’t have a lot of clothes, then you should pay attention to the following:

• All new clothes are more prone to shedding during washing. - therefore, it is best to wash new clothes, especially bright ones for the first time, separately from other things. Not only white, but also colored clothes can be dyed.
• Whites should always be washed separately from coloreds. - even if the colored things are no longer new and have faded for a long time, it is still better to refrain from such experiments.This rule applies especially washing cotton clothes.
• Even a small color insert can color things in the wash. - it happens that a small red collar stains other clothes of lighter colors.
• When washing in hot water, things are more susceptible to coloring. - it is worth paying special attention to this and when washing at a high temperature, separate the laundry more carefully by color.

If you follow these simple rules, then you will not have a situation where things are dyed during washing and you urgently need to do something. But if you are already in this situation, then let's urgently solve the problem.

By the way, if your clothes are not only dyed after washing, but also “shrink”, then on our website you can also find out how to stretch a shrunken thing to its previous size.

Special color restoration products

Manufacturers of detergents and laundry products have long understood that such problems are not uncommon and have developed special products that restore the color of things after a “wrong” wash.

One of these means is "Antilin" - This is a tool that is specifically designed to restore the color of fabrics.

If you read reviews about this tool, you can find both positive and negative. And this is understandable, because everything is very individual. If you use the product immediately after a “wrong” wash, then the chances of restoring the color are much greater than if a long time passes and the paint is well absorbed into the fibers of the fabric.

There are a lot of similar things on the market, in particular, various stain removers can cope with such tasks.

Also, if washed white clothes dyed, then you can, without delay, take the damaged item and wash it with bleach.

If you do everything quickly, then the probability of bleaching the thing is quite high.

Folk ways to restore dyed things after washing

While manufacturers were inventing remedies for this problem, the housewives themselves took the initiative into their own hands and found a bunch of different ways that help restore color if the fabric is stained during washing, and now we will analyze them in order.

ammonia or hydrogen peroxide

This is one of the most common ways to remove stains after "dyeing clothes."

Type in a metal basin or bucket 4 liters of water. Take one teaspoon of ammonia or two tablespoons of hydrogen peroxide and add it to the water. Well, stir everything and put there just spoiled things. Next, you need to put the container on the stove and heat the water to a boil. You need to boil things in this solution for an hour, after which the “extra” paint should dissolve in water and your things will return to their former color.

starch, salt, citric acid

Another way from folk art is after your washed clothes have been dyed, wash them again with powder at a high temperature or boil them. Then we make the next "potion". We mix everything in equal proportions, one tablespoon each: citric acid, starch, salt and chopped laundry soap.

We mix it all, adding a little water to get a viscous consistency. Next, we take the spoiled clothes and put this “potion” on the inside of the stains and leave it like that for 12 hours. After this time, the clothes should be rinsed and washed again.

If not one method suits you, then we are very sorry, but we remind you that a thing can live a second life, for example, as home clothes or clothes for summer cottages.

Nowadays, you can find a very large number of different goods on store shelves, and before buying a washing machine, we often go to the Internet for expert advice and expert reviews in order to solve the age-old question - which washing machine is better and which one is better for us to buy.

In fact, everything is not so simple here. It is impossible to give an unequivocal answer to this difficult question, because each type of equipment has its own technical and other characteristics. Therefore, we want to offer you to understand this issue by examining washing machines from different angles and understand which machine is right for you.

Which machine is better: top-loading or front-loading

The first thing you need to decide before choosing a washing machine is the type of load. Some machines are top-loading and some are front-loading. And each of these types has its own advantages, let's talk about them.

Front loading

It is much easier to choose the best front-loading washing machine, because it is the most washing machines with such a load on the market .. This is due to the fact that they are more affordable and, probably, more familiar to us.Their advantages are as follows:

• Lower price compared to vertical machines
• The possibility of embedding them in furniture
• Lesser washing machine heightespecially on some models.

The disadvantages of such machines are:

• Large dimensions compared to top-loading machines
• With the door open for loading laundry, the dimensions increase even more.
• Inability to load laundry during washing.

But all these shortcomings are not very critical and are not a strong argument to refuse this type of download.

Vertical loading

Cars with this type of loading are less in demand, but with the growth of the market their share is increasing, and they are gaining popularity. This is natural, because they have the following advantages:

• Small dimensions - these washing machines are more compact than front-loading machines.
• Possibility to load laundry during washing.
• The door, when opened, does not require additional space as with front-loading machines.

Of the shortcomings, only two can be distinguished:

• Higher cost compared to similar models of front loading machines.
• Impossible to build under the sink and into the kitchen under the countertop, because the loading door opens up.

After reading the pros and cons of both types of washing machines, you now have to decide for yourself which one is best for you and which one is worth buying. We can only advise you to pay attention to the following points.

If you have a fairly small area for a washing machine and space is limited, then you should consider a top-loading model, otherwise you can safely buy a front-loading machine.

What capacity should a washing machine have?

A very important criterion when choosing a washing machine is its capacity. It is measured in kg. For example, there are washing machines for 3.5 kg of dry laundry. This means that you can load no more than this amount of dry laundry in one wash, otherwise the machine will refuse to wash.

From the amount of laundry that the machine can hold in one wash, its dimensions also depend, in particular, washing machine width. The more laundry the machine holds, the larger its dimensions and vice versa. Therefore, when buying a washing machine, give preference to the one that would meet your requirements. For example, if you live alone, then a narrow washing machine with a load of up to 3.5 kg of laundry per wash will suit you. If you have a large family and children, then you need to look at models from 6 kg, because you will have to wash a lot and quite often.

In addition, it is worth noting: the larger the washing machine, the less it is subject to vibrations, and vice versa, narrower washing machines are more vibrating and noisier. This is true under otherwise equal conditions.

Which class of spin, wash and energy saving is better

To determine which washing machine is better for this type of characteristics, you need to figure out what these characteristics are.

Spin class

The spin class is a parameter that determines how well the machine spins the laundry and, accordingly, the higher the spin class, the better. The highest spin class at the moment is class “A” with a maximum number of revolutions of 1300-2000.

But do you need such a spin class? That is the question. In fact, no more than 1400 rpm, or even 1200 rpm, is enough for clothes to be wet. Of course, you can adjust the number of revolutions and set it to a lower one, but you still have to pay more for a higher spin class.

In order not to make a mistake with the choice and choose the spin class that is right for you, read our recommendations for choosing a washing machine spin class in a detailed article.

Wash class

The washing class, by analogy with the spin class - the higher, the better.But today, most washing machines, even from the budget price segment, have the highest spin class "A". Therefore, choose a machine with an “A” spin class without hesitation.

Energy class

As you might guess, the higher the class, the better. And this is true, but you need to take into account such a moment that you will need to pay extra for a higher class, because more economical cars are more expensive. The energy saving class is better machines with inverter motor, you can read more about them, but in our opinion it is not worth overpaying for this today.

Therefore, other things being equal, give preference to a machine with a higher energy saving class.

Which washing machine programs are best

Do I need to pay attention to the presence of certain programs when choosing a washing machine? Of course, if you have asked a similar question, then it is worth considering it closer and understanding it. Today, different manufacturers of washing machines and in different models have completely different washing programs. At first glance, it may seem that the choice of programs is so high that it is almost impossible to understand it.

But it is worth noting that with all the variety of washing programs in different models, they are all similar in application. Let's list the typical programs that are present in almost every washing machine and answer 99% of user requests:

• Normal wash (cotton)
• Synthetics
• Delicate wash
• Quick wash
• Handwash
• Wool

These programs solve almost any task of washing clothes, all the rest can be chosen only from your preferences and wishes. They tend to add convenience when washing certain types of clothing.

What additional features to look out for

Since there are a lot of washing machines, and each of the manufacturers is trying to bring some know-how to this unit, it is worth knowing the main functions that you should pay attention to.

Leak protection is a pretty popular feature these days. It allows the washing machine to control water leakage and, in case of such, block the water supply, thereby preventing floor flooding (respectively, neighbors from below).The function is quite useful and, of course, necessary, but it happens not on all models.

Partial protection against water leaks is more common - it prevents water from leaking due to a special hose that you can buy at the store and put on any washing machine.

Models with full protection against water leaks with the Aqua Stop system will prevent leakage in the event that water enters any inappropriate place in the washing machine. The complete protection against water leaks has an additional solenoid valve on the hose, which is controlled by the washing machine itself. Only the manufacturer of the washing machine can install such leakage protection.

Of course, you should choose a washing machine with full protection against water leaks, but keep in mind that such models are of a more expensive segment.

Direct drive machines - today there are a lot of various myths around these washing machines. It should be noted that direct drive machines are manufactured by LG and if you decide to buy just such a washing machine, then consider that you have already decided on the manufacturer.

The advantages of this type of drive are that the drum rotates directly from the engine itself without the use of a belt, which reduces the number of rotating parts, prolongs their service life and reduces noise.

Eco bubble, "Six movements of care", etc. - this is, so to speak, the know-how that each manufacturer has, and each has its own. We tend to believe that, undoubtedly, they have their advantages, and they have a positive effect on the quality of washing. But the role of these know-hows is greatly overestimated and is more of a commercial move. Therefore, we recommend not to focus on them.

Various control systems - modern washing machines have a bunch of different sensors to control different parameters: imbalance control, foam control, water quality control, detergent dissolution control, protection against creasing, and the like.Undoubtedly, these types of sensors make the operation of the washing machine easier. But it is worth noting that you have to pay for the pleasure: the equipment itself with additional functions is already in the more expensive segment.

Also pay attention to the conditions in which you plan to use the washer. For example, if you want to choose a washing machine for a summer residence, then there are many nuances here, ignoring which in the future you will experience inconvenience or even the inability to use a washing machine. Such a situation may arise, for example, in the case of insufficient water pressure in the country. More about all the intricacies of choosing a washing machine for a summer residence you can read on our website.

It is impossible to list all the functions of washing machines, because manufacturers come up with new ones every day.Therefore, pay attention to the key functions of the washing machine, namely the quality of washing, spinning, programs, dimensions, capacity, type of load. And all the additional functions already choose from your preferences.

Buy a washing machine with or without a dryer

Recently, more and more washing machines with a drying function began to appear on the market, and people began to ask a logical question: which washing machine is better with or without a dryer?

The presence of drying in the washing machine, of course, is a very positive thing - after all, in one device you have the function of two. Buying a washer-dryer is cheaper than buying a separate washer and dryer. But there are some pitfalls here, let's talk about them:

• Washers and dryers take up much more space, because in order to use the dryer, you need a fairly large drum. Therefore, such a washing machine may not even go through the door - it will have to be disassembled a little.
• Large power consumption – Compared to a conventional washing machine, drying requires additional energy and consumes more electricity.
• The drying quality of washing machines is worse than that of individual tumble dryers - if you are faced with the choice of buying a washer-dryer or a set of two units, then it is better to choose the second. First, the tumble dryer holds more laundry to dry. Secondly, the quality of drying clothes is higher.

Which brand of washing machine is better

This is a very difficult question that no professional can give you an objective answer to.Here everyone decides for himself what he likes best. But, if we talk about the frequency of breakdowns in a washing machine of a particular manufacturer, then it’s worth take a look at the rating of washing machines for this year and draw appropriate conclusions from it. It is definitely impossible to say that the best LG brand washing machine; or Hotpoint-Ariston is worse than Samsung.

Washing machines of all brands are worthy of attention. LG, for example, is famous for its direct drive and its 5-year warranty. Bosh - for its build quality and ease of use, BEKO - for its low price and availability.

In a word, each buyer can find the best washing machine according to his needs and wallet.

Which washing machine is better - expert reviews

Expert opinions on this issue also differ: here, for example, are some of them:

Alexey Ponomarenko
Washing machine repairman

I have been repairing washing machines for over 15 years and I can say for sure that Ariston machines are the highest quality today. There are far fewer calls for them than for other brands. But sometimes you come across models of budget manufacturers such as Vestel, which serve people for 8 years and do not break, with the exception of trifles.

Sergey Bryzin
Consultant from a well-known home appliance store

I work at a well-known appliance store and sell a fair amount of washing machines. People buy completely different manufacturers: from the cheapest to equipment at space prices. So, I want to say that we have more returns on equipment of the middle price segment than on cheap models. But there is enough marriage everywhere, of course.

Vasily Lazarev
Household Appliance Repair Master

I am engaged in the repair of various appliances: washing machines, dishwashers, showers and more. I can say for sure that now they are producing one consumer goods, the quality has completely disappeared in recent years. The average service life of any household appliances is no more than 5 years, so draw your own conclusions. Ariston is generally disposable washing machines: if the bearing flies, then you have to “reinvent the wheel”, the tank is not collapsible.

One of the key parts in a washing machine is the TEN (Tubular Electric Heater). It is a metal tube, inside of which there is a spiral. This spiral under the influence of electric current heats up. Also, this spiral has a large resistance, which is why the electric current passing heats it. Between the spiral and the tube, the entire space is filled with a dielectric with high thermal conductivity.

As you already understood, the heating element constantly heats up and cools down, therefore the spiral in it wears out and loses its original properties, and at one moment it can completely burn out or short to the case. When will it happen washing machine stops heating water. If this happens, then you need to immediately check the heating element in the washing machine for operability. Luckily, this is very easy to do at home.

How to find a heating element in a washing machine

The heating element of different washing machines can be located both in front and behind. Define where is the heating element located in the washing machine can be done in one of the following ways:

• Inspect the washing machine from behind, if the back wall is large, then most likely the heating element is at the back.
• You can put the machine on its side and look from below where the heating element is located.
• Well, the most practical and probably 100% way is to remove the back cover of the washing machine, since it is removed very simply and see if the heating element is there. Even if it is not there, then it will not be too difficult to screw it on.

If you have decided on the location of the heating element in the washing machine, then it's time to ring it for integrity. Some professionals advise remove the heating element before calling, but we personally do not see the point in this. It seems to us that it is better to first ring the heater and make sure that it is not working, and only then remove it and change it to a new one.

Therefore, we will not remove it, but simply unscrew the wires from it. To do this, use a wrench or screwdriver and unscrew the nuts holding the wires.

We calculate the resistance of the heating element

To check the heating element for performance, you need to know how to call it and what data we should focus on. Therefore, before we start testing the water heater, we first need to calculate its normal resistance.

To calculate the resistance, we need the following data:

• U is the voltage applied to the heater. In our country, it is equal to the voltage of the household network, i.e. 220 V.
• P is the power of the heating element itself. To determine this parameter, look at the instructions from the washing machine and find the power of the device there. Or you can find your washing machine on the Internet by model and find out the power there.

Further according to the formula R=U²/P we get the resistance of the heater in its operating state in ohms. It is this figure that the multimeter should show us when the heating element rings.But first, let's look at an example of how to correctly calculate the resistance.
Let's say that we looked in the instructions for the washer that the power of the heating element is 2 Kw or 1800 watts.
We count according to the formula: R=220²/1800=26.8 ohm. That is, the resistance of our working heating element should be 26.8 ohms. Let's remember this figure and go to check the heater itself.

How to ring the heating element in the washing machine

Remove all wires suitable for the heating element. Thereafter set the multimeter to the resistance measurement mode in ohms at around 200 ohms and attach its ends to the heater terminals.

• The display of the multimeter should show a figure close to the calculated one, in our case it is about 26 ohms. In this case, the heater is correct.
• If the number 1 is displayed on the multimeter display, this means that there is a break inside the heater and it needs to be replaced.
• If you see a number close to 0 on the display, this means that there is a short circuit inside the heating element, and it is also faulty.

Let's say that your heating element showed the "correct" resistance, and, therefore, the spiral inside it is not broken. But the test of the tubular heater does not end there and you need to check something else, namely:

Checking the heating element for breakdown on the body

It is possible that the spiral itself is serviceable, but the dielectric is faulty, which is located in the space between it and the tube, and when electricity passes, the current can go to the body of the washing machine, which is very dangerous. Due to such a breakdown, there may even be sparks under the washing machine.

To check the heater for a breakdown on the body put the multimeter in dial mode, in this mode, if you close both wires of the device to each other, the multimeter will emit a squeak and the indicator will light up.

Then we touch the terminals of the heating element with one end of the multimeter, and with the other end of its case or the ground terminals.

If the multimeter squeaked, then your heating element is broken into the case and needs to be replaced.

In such a simple way, you can ring the water heater not only in the washing machine, but also in the kettle or any other appliance.

Washing machines, like any other type of equipment, eventually become obsolete and fail. Of course we can go anywhere clean up an old washing machineor dismantled for parts. If you went the last way, then you could have left the engine from the washing machine, which can serve you well.

The motor from an old washing machine can be adapted in the garage and built from it to an electric emery. To do this, you need to attach an emery stone to the motor shaft, which will rotate. And you can sharpen various objects about it, starting with knives, ending with axes and shovels. Agree, the thing is quite necessary in the economy. Also, other devices that require rotation can be built from the engine, for example, an industrial mixer or something else.

Wiring diagram of the electric motor of a modern washing machine

If you have figured out what to do with the old motor, then the first question that may bother you is how to connect the electric motor from the washing machine to the 220 V network. And just to this question we will help you find the answer in this manual.

Before proceeding directly to connecting the motor, you must first familiarize yourself with the electrical diagram, which will make everything clear.

Connecting the motor from the washing machine to the 220 volt network should not take you much time. To get started, look at the wires that come from the engine, at first it may seem that there are a lot of them, but in fact, if you look at the above diagram, we don’t need all of them. Specifically, we are only interested in the wires of the rotor and stator.

Dealing with wires

If you look at the block with wires from the front, then usually the first two left wires are wires tachometer, through them the engine speed of the washing machine is regulated. We don't need them. In the image they are white and crossed out with an orange cross.

Next comes the stator wires red and brown. We marked them with red arrows to make it clearer. Following them are two wires to the rotor brushes - gray and green, which are marked with blue arrows. We will need all the wires indicated by the arrows for connection.

In different models of washing machines, the wires will differ in colors, but the connection principle remains the same. You just need to find the necessary wires by ringing them with a multimeter.

To do this, switch the multimeter to measure resistance. Touch the first wire with one probe, and look for its pair with the second.

A working tachogenerator in a quiet state usually has a resistance of 70 ohms. You will find these wires immediately and put them aside.

Just ring the rest of the wires and find pairs for them.

We connect the engine from the washing machine

After we found the wires we needed, it remains to connect them.To do this, we do the following.

According to the diagram, one end of the stator winding must be connected to the rotor brush. To do this, it is most convenient to make a jumper and insulate it.

The jumper is highlighted in green in the image.

After that, we have two wires left: one end of the rotor winding and a wire going to the brush. They are what we need. These two ends are connected to a 220 V network.

If you want to change the rotation of the motor in the other direction, then you just need to throw a jumper to other contacts, swap the wires of the rotor brushes. See the diagram for what it looks like.

If you did everything right, the motor will start to rotate. If this did not happen, then check the engine for operation and then draw your own conclusions.
Connecting the motor of a modern washing machine is quite simple, which cannot be said about old machines. Here the scheme is slightly different.

Connecting the motor of an old washing machine

Connecting the motor of an old washer is a little more complicated and will require you to find the right windings yourself with a multimeter. To find the wires, ring the motor windings and find a pair.

To do this, switch the multimeter to measure resistance, touch the first wire with one end, and find its pair with the second in turn. Write down or remember the resistance of the winding - we will need it.

Then, similarly, find the second pair of wires and fix the resistance. We got two windings with different resistance.Now you need to determine which one is working and which is launcher. Everything is simple here, the resistance of the working winding should be less than that of the starting one.

To start an engine of this kind, you will need a button or a start relay.A button is needed with a non-fixable contact and, for example, a button from a doorbell will do.

Now we connect the engine and the button according to the scheme: But the excitation winding (OV) is directly supplied with 220 V. The same voltage must be applied to the starting winding (PO), only to start the engine for a short time, and turn it off - this is what the button is for ( SB).

We connect the OB directly to the 220V network, and connect the software to the 220V network through the SB button.

• ON - starting winding. It is intended only for starting the engine and is activated at the very beginning, until the engine starts to rotate.
• OV - excitation winding. This is a working winding that is constantly in operation, and it rotates the engine all the time.
• SB - a button with which voltage is applied to the starting winding and, after starting the motor, turns it off.

After you have made all the connections, it is enough to start the engine from the washing machine. To do this, press the SB button and, as soon as the engine starts to rotate, release it.

In order to reverse (motor rotation in the opposite direction), you need to swap the contacts of the software winding. This will cause the motor to rotate in the opposite direction.

Everything, now the motor from the old washer can serve you as a new device.

Probably, all of us have a washing machine at home, but almost none of us knows about its device. However, the device of a washing machine may be of interest to everyone who decides to repair this type of equipment. Or you want to repair your washing machine yourself and for this it is also advisable for you to study the device.

That is why here we will analyze this question and try to fully answer it.

Washing machine diagram

Before proceeding to a phased analysis of all the details and considering how the washing machine works in detail, let's first look at the drawing of the washing machine device, which will immediately tell a lot and give you a general idea.

Control module and electronics

We will start, of course, with the most important thing in the washing machine, and, probably, many might think that this is a washing machine tank or a drum. But no, the main detail, without which everything else simply will not work, is the control module. This part is the "brain" washing machine, it monitors the operation of the entire system and gives timely signals to the engine and other elements about the start and end of work.

It is the control module that contains the "list" of all washing programs and executes them accurately. For each washing machine, it can be different, one is “smarter”, the other is not, but the task is the same for everyone. If the module fails, then the washer starts to fail or stops working altogether. Replacing such a block is quite an expensive procedure.

In order for the control module to be able to control the entire washing process, it needs input signals that are provided by various sensors. Let's take them in order.

Water level sensor

We have already considered in detail pressure switch deviceand you can read more about it. Here we will briefly mention it: this sensor is designed to monitor the water level in the washing machine tank. This is necessary so that the control module knows whether there is water in the tank and how much of it. Together with this sensor, there is an air chamber in the washing machine, which supplies pressure to the sensor depending on the fullness of the tank with water.

Thermostat

This sensor is usually installed at the bottom of the tank, partially recessed into it. Its job is to determine the temperature of the water in the tank and send the readings to the control module.

Tacho sensor

This sensor is needed in order to control the engine speed of the washing machine. Without it, it would not be possible to apply different speeds in different washing modes and during the spin cycle.

Other electronics

The rest of the electronics include a front control panel with indicator lights and a display, as well as various relays and wires that connect all components together.

Performing elements

When the control module has received all the necessary data from you through the control panel, as well as from the sensors about their condition, it gives the necessary commands to the executive bodies, which put the entire mechanism into action.

Hatch door lock

Before the start of washing, a signal is sent to the lock of the hatch door, which blocks it until the end of the wash.

Water supply valve

After that, you need to pour water into the washing machine, for which the water supply solenoid valve opens, which closes after a signal comes from the pressure switch that the tank is already full.

Engine

In order to put the tank into action, the necessary signal is sent to the engine, which begins to rotate. The engine itself, using a belt (in conventional washing machines) or directly (in machines with an LG direct drive device), begins to rotate the drum through a pulley with the required speed. Turns and rotations in the right direction, as well as the number of cycles, are fully regulated by the control module.

heating element

To heat water in the design of the washing machine, a heating element is used - a heating element, which, receiving the necessary signal from the module, starts heating the water and heats it to the desired temperature, after which it turns off. Please note that the heating element becomes covered with scale during prolonged use, as a result of which it may fail. That's why The heating element in the washing machine must be regularly cleaned in a timely manner.

If necessary, the temperature can be maintained by turning the heating element on and off using a thermostat.

water pump

After the laundry has been washed, the control module sends a signal to the pump (drain pump), which starts rotating and pumps out water from the tank, draining it into the sewer.

Also, the pump is connected at one end to the water drain valve, which can be unscrewed for cleaning.

Washing machine tank

The next element in the device of the washing machine is the tank. You can clearly see it on the diagram of the washing machine, it occupies most of the entire unit, since it contains a drum for loading laundry.The tank itself today is made of plastic and is a kind of sealed container inside which the drum is placed, as well as the heating element of the heating element.

The tank consists of two halves, which can be fastened together using metal brackets or bolts on different models. Rubber fittings for filling and draining water are suitable for the tank.

Since the weight of the washing machine tank is large enough, it is mounted on springs to the body of the machine from above, and from below with the help of shock absorbers to mitigate vibrations.

Drum

The drum of the washing machine is a stainless steel mesh container, which is designed to rotate, thereby washing clothes. Different models of washing machines use different EcoBubble and pro technologies in the drum. But the principle of action is the same everywhere. The tank rotates, thereby constantly turning the laundry and washing it.

It happens that the drum in the washing machine does not rotate. The reasons for this malfunction can be very different - deal with them and find out how to repair the rotation of the drum in the washing machine you can also visit our website.

From the front of the tank, the drum is connected to the tank with a rubber cuff so that everything is airtight.At the rear, the drum shaft exits the tank through a hole into which the bearings and the stuffing box are inserted. You can see more details in article on bearing replacement.

Body and other parts

We have analyzed the main essence, but in order to fully know how the automatic washing machine works, it remains to pay attention to some more details.

Powder supply

Powder for washing is placed in a tray, which is located in the dispenser hopper.This bunker is a plastic box, to which pipes for water supply from the solenoid valve are connected.

Counterweights

Since during washing and especially spinning a large imbalance of the washing machine tank occurs, vibration is inevitable, in order to compensate for it, the lower and upper counterweights are attached to the tank. They are concrete bricks that are screwed to the tank.

Frame

If all of the above parts are removed from the washing machine, then there will be one body, a load hatch door and a top cover. By themselves, they do not carry any benefit, but are the frame in which the rest of the design of the washing machine exists.

Hoses

The machine also has hoses for supplying and draining water. The water supply hose is screwed to the inlet valve and can be easily disconnected if necessary.

The water drain hose is attached to the pump and you will need to use a tool to replace it.

Also in the machine itself there are various small tubes that connect the elements to each other.

We all want to look good and when we buy new clothes we want them to always look fresh and clean. Therefore, such care for clothes as washing is an integral procedure. But the fabrics of different wardrobe items are also different and therefore require different washing programs. But clothing manufacturers know how to wash their product and shared this information with us.

On each item there are designations for washing in the form of icons. Surely each of us has seen them, but not everyone knows what they mean.And by the way, following these recommendations ensures that the clothes will last as long as possible.That is why we decided to write this article where we will look at the badges on clothes and learn how to wash things in accordance with them.

If you neglect the icons on clothes and, for example, wash a woolen thing in hot water, then it will certainly sit down in size. What to do if the size of the clothes shrinks after washing, how to return a woolen item to its original size Read the article linked above.

Where are the laundry icons on clothes

In order to find the designations for washing things, you need to know what the label on which they are located looks like. It is a small fabric tag on which the designations are located. However, on the label you will also find the size of the item, its composition and manufacturer.

The label is usually located on the inner seams of clothing. On jackets, they can be found inside the side (often on the left side) around the waist, or in the inside pocket. On jeans and trousers, most often it is located either on the side or at the back on the seam. On light clothing: T-shirts, shirts, sweaters, etc., the laundry label is located at the back under the collar, or in the same way as in outerwear on the seam on the side.

Designations of icons on clothes for washing

If we have found a label with icons and do not know what they are, then it's time to look at the table below, where we have listed all the standard badge designations and described machine wash recommendations for them.

Wash symbols

Icon	Description
	The sign indicating a basin of water tells us that the thing can be safely washed under normal conditions.
	Owners of things with such a designation need to come to terms with the fact that it is strictly forbidden to wash clothes.
	For such clothes, the washing machine is prohibited, it is impossible to wash in it.
	If you have clothes with this designation, then you should use a more gentle washing and spinning in the washing machine. Select the delicate wash cycle and reduce the spin speed.
	When washing such things, you need to adhere to a temperature of 30 ° C, while you need to use a delicate wash cycle and reduce the spin speed.
	Use the delicate wash cycle with the lowest spin speed. It is advisable to wash in plenty of water.
	Washing things with this designation is possible only by hand. It is strictly forbidden to wash such clothes in a washing machine. The washing temperature must not exceed 40°C. Most washing machines have a special "Hand Wash" program.
	If this sign is located on your clothes, it means that you can wash it at high temperatures, and, if necessary, boil it.
	Clothing with this sign is able to withstand temperatures not exceeding 60 ° C, usually such a designation is located on colored linen.
	Clothing with this sign is able to withstand temperatures not exceeding 50 ° C, usually such a designation is located on colored linen.
	Linen can only be washed in warm water with non-aggressive detergents at 40°C
	Cold wash at a temperature not exceeding 30°C
	As you can guess from the picture, underwear with this designation is strictly forbidden to twist and wring both in a typewriter and manually.

Drying symbols

Icon	Description
	Things with this designation can be safely dried at very high temperatures and machine dried.
	Dry at high temperatures - this designation lets you know that clothes can be dried at high temperatures. These temperatures are used in conventional tumble drying.
	This is a sign of gentle drying at low temperatures - if you have an option in your washing machine or dryer to lower the drying temperature or turn on a gentle setting, then by all means use it.
	Items with this symbol must not be dried in a tumble dryer or washing machine, nor can they be wrung out in a washing machine.
	You can see this icon more often on any kind of clothing.It means that the thing can be safely dried and wrung out in a stylish machine.
	A designation of this kind is very often found on specific items that can only be dried vertically. It is also strictly forbidden to squeeze out such things, they must be hung wet, and the water will drain from them by itself.
	This symbol can be found on membrane clothing, and it will mean that the thing can be dried only in a horizontal position and nothing else.
	Remembering this symbolism is very simple, it means that clothes need to be dried on a clothesline.
	Clothes with this label can be safely dried either by hanging or in a typewriter.
	If you see this sign, then know that it is strictly forbidden to dry a thing in a dryer or washing machine.
	Clothes on which you saw such a square should be dried only in the shade and avoid exposure to sunlight.

Cleaning and whitening

Icon	Description
	Things can be dry-cleaned and any solvents that are designed for this can be applied to them.
	During dry cleaning, only the following substances containing hydrocarbon, ethylene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane should be used
	Such clothing can be cleaned with the well-known white spirit, other trifluorotrichloromethane and hydrocarbons are also acceptable.
	Such items require more gentle washing and should be cleaned using hydrocarbon, monoflotrichloromethane or ethylene chloride.
	An even more gentle wash, in which the use of hydrocarbons and triflotrichloromethane is possible.
	Dry cleaning - things with this sign can be cleaned without the use of liquid products.
	The sign tells us that dry cleaning of things with this designation is prohibited.
	Dry cleaning of such things is not prohibited, but requires special attention, because not all types of solvents are normally tolerated. Can be cleaned with approved white spirit.
	The designation says that the thing can be bleached with any bleach, even containing chlorine.
	Any bleaching is prohibited.Chlorine-containing substances should be especially avoided.
	You can bleach, but you need only in cold water and with complete dissolution of the powder.
	The item can be bleached, but only with chlorine-free bleaches.
	Similar to the previous sign - you can only bleach without chlorine.

Ironing icons

Icon	Description
	You can iron - things on which you see this designation can be ironed without any fear for it. You can also use the machine ironing function for such things.
	Iron at temperatures up to 200°C - you will most often find such designations on linen and cotton products. Also, as with the upper designation, you can use machine ironing.
	Iron at a temperature not exceeding 140 ° - with this icon, you need to set the temperature of the iron to no more than 140 ° C, with a higher temperature you can easily ruin the thing. Who does not have a temperature designation on the iron, then set the temperature slider to the middle.
	Iron at a temperature not exceeding 130 ° C - this designation is very often found on viscose items, silk, wool, polyester, polyester.By and large, it differs from the previous one by only 10 ° C.
	Iron at a temperature not exceeding 120 ° C - this mode should be used for more delicate fabrics, for example: polyamide, nylon, viscose, polyacryl, nylon, acetate. You need to set the minimum temperature on the iron and iron very carefully.
	Do not iron - everything is simple here, it is strictly forbidden to iron things with this sign, because damage during ironing is inevitable.
	Do not steam - if your iron has a steam function, then when you see such a sign on your clothes, turn it off. Items with this designation cannot be steamed.